What is the chemical structure of sucrose?

The correct answer is based on the composition of sucrose, which is a type of disaccharide sugar. Sucrose is formed from the combination of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule through a glycosidic bond. This bond is created during a condensation reaction where a water molecule is removed.

Glucose and fructose are both monosaccharides, meaning they are the simplest form of sugars. When these two are linked together, they form sucrose, which is commonly known as table sugar. This understanding of sucrose's structure is fundamental in nutrition, as it helps explain its role in providing energy and its impact on metabolism.

The other options involve combinations of different monosaccharides that do not accurately represent sucrose's structure. For instance, options that include galactose or multiple glucose molecules pertain to other types of sugars like lactose or maltose, respectively. Recognizing the specific components of sucrose aids in understanding its biochemical properties and dietary implications.