Which vitamins are known to have antioxidant properties and play a role in immune function?

Vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene are known for their antioxidant properties and play significant roles in immune function. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals and supports various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. It has also been shown to enhance the production of white blood cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections.

Vitamin E acts as a fat-soluble antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidation, which is important in maintaining the integrity of immune cell function. It also contributes to the regulation of the immune response, supporting the production and activity of immune cells.

Beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, has antioxidant properties and plays a role in maintaining healthy immune function. It can be converted into vitamin A in the body, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of mucosal surfaces and is involved in the development and differentiation of immune cells.

In contrast, other options do not encompass the same range of antioxidants or immune-supportive functions. While vitamins A and D are important for health, they do not primarily serve as antioxidants, and vitamin K primarily contributes to blood clotting and bone health rather than immune function. B vitamins and folic acid play roles in energy metabolism and